![]() Following this theoretical model of action and reflection, virtual patients expose learners to simulated clinical experiences, providing mechanisms for information gathering and clinical decision making in a safe environment. The educational use of virtual patients may be understood through experiential learning theory. However, an influence of the use of virtual patients on other educational outcomes has been reported in previous literature. Virtual patients are hypothesized to primarily address learning needs in clinical reasoning. The learner is cast into the role of a health care provider who makes decisions about the type and order of clinical information acquired, differential diagnosis, and management and follow-up of the patient. This broad definition encompasses a variety of systems that use different technologies and address various learning needs. Virtual patients are defined as interactive computer simulations of real-life clinical scenarios for the purpose of health professions training, education, or assessment. We have conducted this systematic review as part of a review series on digital health education and focused it on the simulation modality called virtual patients. Digital health education comprises, for example, offline learning, mobile learning, serious games, or virtual reality environments. It encompasses a multitude of educational concepts, approaches, methods, and technologies. ĭigital education (often referred to as e-learning) is “the act of teaching and learning by means of digital technologies”. Therefore, the global medical education community is perpetually searching for methods that can be applied to improve the relevance, increase the spread, and accelerate the educational process for health professions. The need to increase numbers and quality of the health workforce is especially visible in low-and-middle-income countries, where the need to scale up high-quality health education and introduce educational innovations is most pressing. Early health professions education is often dominated by theoretical presentations with insufficient connection to clinical practice. Shorter hospital stays, specialization of care, higher patient safety measures, and shortage of clinical teachers all diminish the traditional opportunities for the training of health professions through direct patient contact. Health care education is confronted with many global challenges. ![]() Several methodological limitations in the included studies and heterogeneity contributed to a generally low quality of evidence. Trials comparing virtual patients with different forms of digital education and design variants were not numerous enough to give clear recommendations. Studies measuring attitudes and satisfaction predominantly used surveys with item-by-item comparison. The pooled analysis of studies comparing the effect of virtual patients to traditional education showed similar results for knowledge (standardized mean difference =0.11, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.39, I 2=74%, n=927) and favored virtual patients for skills (SMD=0.90, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32, I 2=88%, n=897). Furthermore, 25 studies compared virtual patients with traditional education, 11 studies investigated virtual patients as blended learning, 5 studies compared virtual patients with different forms of digital education, and 10 studies compared different design variants. It does not store any personal data.A total of 51 trials involving 4696 participants met our inclusion criteria. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ![]() The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. ![]() The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.
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